China and Russia threaten the ability of nations around the world to deter aggression, protect national interests, and fight and win future conflicts. Simultaneously, the rapidly expanding commercial space industry provides low-cost space capabilities & options for nations and actors across the globe to enter a previously inaccessible domain. China and Russia are developing a wide array of counter-space weapons to hinder international access to essential space services and purposefully interfere with the electromagnetic spectrum. Private industry is developing orbital maintenance and orbital debris removal capabilities which will represent future counterspace threats. This course flows through the Threat Continuum providing required insight to ensure freedom of action in space and, when necessary, defend against threats and deny adversary freedom of action in space.